VOLUME 16, ISSUE 01, JANUARY, 2025

The aim of the work was to produce a geological and structural map of the Ouaddai massif using landsat and radar data. We used landsat-8 images to extract the lithological map (colour composition and ratio bands) and PALSAR DEM radar to extract the lineament map (using different filters). For the radar sensor, a total of 2188 lineaments were detected and extracted, with two main rock fracturing directions (ESE-WNW (90° to 115°) and NE-SW (45° to 65°)). For the landsat-8 sensor, a total of 987 lineaments were extracted, with two main lineament directions (NE-SW or N45° to 65° and ENE-WSW or 115° to 135°). Field observation revealed that the geological bedrock in the eastern part of the Ouaddaï massif is mainly granitic. The NE-SW and SE-NW directions are the main fracturing directions in these geological formations.

The aim of the study was to analyse the genetic parameters of age at first calving and calving interval in the Kuri cattle breed, using data from 292 cows from 15 bulls born at the Sayam research station in Niger and monitored over the period 1994 to 2011. Genetic parameters were determined by the mother-daughter regression method and by the variance component method using a father mixed-effects model based on restricted maximum likelihood. The effects of season and year of calving were significant (p < 0.05) on the two reproductive parameters studied. Calving interval repeatability, estimated by intraclass correlation, was 0.13 ± 0.05. Heritability’s estimated by correlation between paternal half-sisters were 0.14 ± 0.07 and 0.51 ± 0.13 respectively for age at first calving and calving interval. Those estimated by regressing daughters ‘performances on dams’ performances were 0.25 ± 0.11 and 0.33 ± 0.17 respectively for age at first calving and calving interval. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between the two traits were -0.295 and -0.167 respectively. The high heritability estimates obtained showed a possibility of improving the two reproduction traits through selection.

With this study, we intend to contribute to the promotion of micro hydroelectric power plants for individual, family and community use. We pay a particular attention to sustainable and affordable solutions that could be used in isolated sites with relative less investment. For this purpose, we demonstrate the possibility of generating electricity from hydraulic energy of water flow in domestic taps and agriculture irrigation valves. Through examples of daily water needs of an average household and an irrigated farm, we estimate the electrical energy that could be generated by installing a suitable small turbine. In the case of irrigation water flow, the estimated quantity of electrical energy is relatively significant and could meet human basic needs such as powering and recharging daily household devices on isolated sites. The electricity is produced when the water flows. It is then necessary to store it in adapted batteries. We also underline the fact that the presented solutions are sustainable because the turbines recover an energy that was supposed to be lost.

The assessment of resilience is the core of any governance and risk management analysis for shocks and crises. This assessment is generally dependent on similarity measurement for the identification of patterns and relationships between different individuals or groups of individuals within a given community. One of the difficulties in studying social resilience processes is the lack of appropriate analytical tools that take into account the dimensions of resilience. The use of conventional similarity measures can lead to some bias in the analysis and consequently to errors in decision-making. In this paper, we propose a new measure of similarity for the calculation of the degree of similarity between two individuals described by several univalued and multivalued variables of heterogeneous types (quantitative, qualitative or textual). Our proposal, compared to most of the similarity measures presented in the literature, has the merit of directly exploiting a table of heterogeneous data containing both univalued and multivalued values (intervals, sets, textual, etc.). Generally, a homogeneous transformation of the table is used and then a classical similarity index is used for the construction of the similarity matrix. However, this homogeneity of the table leads to distortions and negatively influences the expressive character of the data. The comparison of our approach with other proposals in the literature according to the Davies-Bouldin and Silhouette quality index gives us the best values for these indices, demonstrating its effectiveness for studying social resilience processes.

Breast cancer ranks first among the types of cancer affecting women worldwide. However, early detection can lead to effective treatment. Developing a system to make the decision on the benign or malignant nature of the tumour will help radiologists to establish a precise diagnosis in order to manage patients presenting the pathologies. The objective of this study is to develop a method that makes it possible to recognize the malignant or benign nature of breast cancer in a mammographic image, using the neural network. The method we developed is based on the neural network. Indeed, we extracted the characteristics of the mammographic images having undergone pre-processing and the detection of regions of interest by the multiscale product. These characteristics are extracted, in one hand by the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and in the other hand the Gray Level Run Length matrix (GLRLM). The extracted characteristics constitute the data at the input of a neural network (the pattern net). The mammographic images from the MIAS database were used as a learning basis and recognition basis. This development allowed us to classify objects in a region of interest as malignant or benign. The results of the proposed method showed sensitivity, specificity and an area under the curve all equal to 1 for images labelled malignant and therefore cancerous. For images labelled benign, the sensitivity is equal to 0.8, the specificity is equal to 1, and the area under the curve is equal to 0.88. Thus, the results highlighted the effectiveness of the method we proposed. Compared to the results of the literature (recent state of the art), we can say that the method we proposed is the most efficient in terms of evaluation criteria. The most contributions of this work are the successful using of the characteristics of mammographic images (characteristics issues from the segmentation and multiscale product of 2-Dimensional continuous wavelet coefficient) extracted by GLCM and GLRLM and used as the input of a neural network to recognize and classify as benign or malignant the mammographic images.

Environmental perturbation such as pollution is one of the most disturbing aspects of environmental degradation. The Gulf of Gabes is presently facing severe environmental issues due mainly to intense fishing activity and improper industrialization (metal pollution). We have proposed in the present study, to assess the impact of environmental pollution on two fish species: Sardinella (S.) aurita and Mugil (M.) cephalus. To attend our objective, an exploration of morphological and asymmetry parameters was undertaken. The comparative analysis of the obtained data showed for S. aurita and M. cephalus, the existence of a significant difference between both male and female sexes, the total length (the standard length, the length to the fork and the predorsal length and the morphological variables total length, standard length, length into the fork, the caudal length of the peduncle, the height of fishes, dorsal fin length and anal fin length respectively for the two species. The study of asymmetry parameters revealed some asymmetries affecting the length of the head and the diameter of the eye, respectively for M. cephalus and S. aurita.

The present communication deals with environmental awareness among the students of secondary schools. The four schools were selected for the study from Rae Bareli District, one central government, another one public school, third a convent school and last was a state government school. The schools selected having different infrastructures and with differences in the curriculum which severely affected their awareness about the environmental studies.

Breast The main objective of this study was to show the effects of the practice of extra-curricular activities based on the game of "lipato" on the body composition and blood pressure values of high school students. It involved 64 subjects, aged between 19 and 22, divided into two groups: GE (32) experimental group and GT (32) control group, experimental protocol of the “lipato” game during 3 months of school holidays. The determination of the anthropometric variables of height and weight with a measuring rod and a bathroom scale and the body composition variables with the impedance meter. All these measurements are taken before and after the experiment. The results obtained show an improvement in anthropometric variables, composition in favor of the experimental group respectively (weight 25.80 ± 4.27 vs 29.90 ± 3.89, BMI 21.67 ± 1.52 vs 24.41 ± 1.39 muscle mass 25.74±4.71 vs 29.97±3.89, water mass 10.27±3.44 vs 12.35±3.60). These results suggest that the optimal practice of the "lipato" game during the holidays favors the reduction of the prevalence of overweight.

Uterine rupture is an obstetric mishap with associated morbidity and mortality consequences for the fetus and the mother. Promptness and accuracy of diagnosis of uterine rupture will help in instituting interventions to reduce these complications. Sometimes, the clinical presentations such as abdominal pain, abnormal fetal heart rate or intrauterine fetal death, bleeding per vaginam and loss of previously noted fetal station in a parturient may not be typical in uterine rupture. Previous uterine surgeries such as caesarean section, dilatation and curettage, myomecctomy or use of uterotonic agents for induction or augmentation of labour are the prominent risk factors. This case is unique because she has no such risk factors. However, there was sudden onset of generalized abdominal pain, readily palpable fetal parts, no fetal heart tone with ultrasound confirmation of intrauterine fetal death and the maternal hemodynamic status deteriorated rapidly raising the suspicion of a very rare occurrence of spontaneous uterine rupture with no obvious prior uterine scar. This atypical presentation delayed the diagnosis which might have accounted for the fetal loss, but emergency exploratory laparotomy saved the women with a maternal near-miss experience.

Le trià la source de déchets organiques municipaux est généralement présenté comme la solution pour l’amélioration de la qualité des composts produitsà partir de déchets solides municipaux en Afrique Sub-saharienne. Cependant, l’impact réel de cette pratique sur la qualité des composts produits est encore très peu investigué. Cette étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer la qualité chimique et microbiologique des composts produits à base de déchets organiques triés à la source dans la ville de Tiassalé. Pour ce faire, les paramètres physico-chimiques ont été suivis au cours du processus de compostage et des analyses chimiques et microbiologiques ont été réalisées sur des échantillons de composts.Les résultats ont montré que les fortes températures (jusqu’à 70°C) observées au cours du processus de compostage permettaient d’éliminer l’essentiel des germes pathogènes. Les pH des composts produits étaient alcalins (9,10) et leursrapports C/N étaient inférieursà 15, traduisant ainsi la maturité de ces composts. Les composts produits étaient riches en éléments nutritifs et leurs teneurs en métaux lourds largement inférieuresaux seuils autorisés par les normes française et allemande. Ces composts peuvent donc être utilisés en agriculture. Ces résultats confirment donc l’efficacité de la pratique du tri à la source dans l’amélioration de la qualité des composts produits à base de déchets organiques municipaux.

Myrianthus arboreus is an indigenous African species of socio-economic importance, widely distributed in the South Sudanese part of Côte d’Ivoire. A good knowledge of its phenology could contribute to its conservation and sustainable management in the context of climate change. The objective of this study was to analyze some phenophases of Myrianthus arboreus from the localities of Abengourou, Adzopé, Daloa, Diabo and Zouan Hounien in order to consider its possible domestication. For better knowledge of flowering and fruiting leading to fruit maturation, 150 individuals aged at least 5 years were observed during 2018 and 2019. The results revealed that individuals from Diabo and Abengourou flowers from January to February. Those of Daloa, Adzopé and Zouan Hounien flower from January to March. The flowering percentage of male individuals ranges from 53 to 90 %, and that of females is 100 %. The maturation of the male inflorescence of individuals from Abengourou and Diabo lasts 15 ± 2 days while in Adzopé, Daloa and Zouan Hounien lasts 19 ± 2 days. Fruit setting lasts 85 ± 4 days in individuals from Adzopé, Daloa and Zouan Hounien while it lasts 54 ± 4 days in those from Abengourou and Diabo. In individuals from Adzopé and Zouan Hounien, fruiting lasts 170 ± 9 days while it varies between 112 and 142 ± 9 days in those from Abengourou, Daloa and Diabo. Fruit ripening lasts 86 ± 5 days in individuals from Abengourou, Adzopé and Zouan Hounien, on the other hand, it lasts 57 ± 4 days in those from Daloa and Diabo. These data provide an overview of the period, duration of flowering and fruiting of Myrianthus arboreus, for any hybridization tests.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is one of the major seed spice crop. It suffers from various diseases. Among these diseases, stem rot disease is becoming a considerable threat to the fennel. The present investigation aimed to evaluate eco-friendly approaches viz., Bio agent, plant extracts, and oil cakes to control Sclerotinia rot of fennel under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Maximum disease reduction was observed in the seed treatment + soil application of T. harzianum. All the tested plant extracts inhibit the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum under in vitro conditions. Garlic (Allium sativum) clove extract gave maximum inhibition (40.40%, 62.60%, and 76.30%) of mycelial growth at 5, 10, and 15 per cent concentration. Seed treatment (ST) and foliar spray (FS) of plant extracts were most effective in managing disease, followed by seed treatment and foliar spray alone. Among plant extracts, garlic (Allium sativum) clove extract was found best in reducing the disease incidence (38.50%) followed by datura (Datura stramonium). Extracts of six oil cakes were screened in vitro for fungitoxicity against S. sclerotiorum, castor, and neem cake were effective in inhibiting mycelial growth. While castor cake was most effective under in vivo conditions for reducing disease incidence, followed by neem cake.

Credit is inferred to as an important catalytic in enhancing agricultural production but its access is determined and impeded by many factors. This study consequently examined the determinants of agricultural credit accessibility and challenges faced by farmers in accessing credit in South Western Nigeria. The population of this study comprised farmers in South Western Nigeria. Multi-stages sampling technique was adopted to select 225 farmers who benefitted from agricultural credits. Descriptive statistics was used to investigate the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers. Probit was used to analysed the determinants of credit accessibility. The results revealed that majority (91.1%) of the farmers were male with the average age of 49years. Largest percentage (85.5%) of respondents had formal education. Majority of farmers inherited their land with the average farm size of 5.9 hectares. Micro loan was most (64.4%) mostly available loan. The major problems faced by farmers in accessing credit are; frequent rejection of application, high difficulty in getting guarantor, delay in loan disbursement, high interest rate, high collateral required and administrative bottle-neck. The result of Probit regression indicated that, the marginal effects of years of schooling, main occupation, contact with extension agents, farm size and organization membership showed significant and had positive effects on access to credit. Years of farming experience was significant at 1% level with negative effect on credit accessibility. It was recommended that farmers should endeavour to join one or more farmers’ societies/organizations. Managements of Banks/credit bodies should make loan process simple and collateral required should be reduced.

Cette étude a étéréalisée dans le but de diagnostiquer l'activité piscicole dans la zone de Niamey. Elle émane des résultats obtenus à l’issue de 3 mois (juillet à septembre, 2023) d’études auprès des pisciculteurs.L'objectif principalde cette étude était de recueillir des données exhaustives sur les aménagements piscicoles de la zone périurbaine de la ville Niamey. En effet, l’enquête a effectué une étude approfondie sur les équipements dédiés à l'élevage de poissons, en vue de dresser un bilan complet de cette activité et de connaitre les contraintes auxquelles font face les producteurs dans la localité. 91% des pisciculteurs sont deshommes, de tranche d’âge majoritairement comprise entre 61 et 70 ans (50%). Plusieurs défis ont été révélés sur la rentabilité de la production qui varie selon les pisciculteurs : ceux bénéficiant de soutiens, de ressources adéquates et d'expérience tirent profit de leur activité, tandis que d'autres rencontrent des difficultés, notamment en raison du manque de soutien des opérateurs économiques et de l’incapacité à trouver des consommateurs en nombre satisfaisant, ainsi que de leur manque d’expérience et du déficit d'organisations non gouvernementales pour les appuyer.

Mysids or opossum shrimps are grouped under macro-zooplankton which are used for human consumption. Mysids are harvested using hand trawl made of mosquito netting during low tide period at surface water. The study was carried out on monthly basis from one site from Coastal area, three sites from Mangrove estuarine area and three sites from Saltpan twice a month during May 2016 to December 2017.They show significant variation in their availability in different seasons. All the embryos within a single brood pouch were found at the same stage of development. The development of embryos within the brood pouch divided into three distinct stages as “eggs like embryos”, “eyeless embryos” and “eyed embryos”. Mysids from Coastal waters found more fecund than mysids from other Estuarine waters and Salt pan waters. Brood ratio of “Egg like embryos”, “Eyeless embryos” and “Eyed embryos” also indicates that coastal waters are more productive followed by estuarine waters and salt pan waters.

Hair Palmo-plantar hyperkeratosis is characterized by abnormal thickening and roughness of the skin on the palms and soles, often resulting from increased keratin production. This condition can be triggered by various factors, including vitamin A deficiency and chronic exposure to toxins such as arsenic. A 63-year-old male patient with a history of diabetes, hypertension, and schizophrenia developed eczema on his palms and soles, which progressively worsened post-vaccination. The homeopathic approach offers a holistic treatment method that addresses both the physical symptoms and underlying causes. This paper explores the effectiveness of homeopathy in managing hyperkeratosis, particularly in cases with complicating factors such as chronic illness and post-vaccination reactions.

In the present study, both the GaN buffer layer approach and the sapphire SiN treatment method were used to develop GaN films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on a c-plane (0001) sapphire substrate. The growth was controlled in situ by 632.8 nm laser reflectometry. The GaN-grown layer structure wasinvestigated via high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD). TheGaN structural properties improved upon SiN treatment. In addition, spectroscopic transmittance was used to determine the change in the bandgap energy of GaN upon SiN treatment.Spectroscopic ellipsometric (SE) data (ψ and ) acquired in the wavelength range 400-1700 nm, were analyzed using a multilayer approach. The extracted refractive indices were found to follow a Cauchy-type dispersion. Upon SiN treatment, there is a blueshift and a decrease in the refractive index. At 600 nm, the GaN refractive index decreases from 2.395 to 2.374. The SE refractive indices measurements agree with the spectroscopic reflectometry (SR) results.

Guttate psoriasis is a form of psoriasis whose appearance is small, drop-shaped, red lesions covered with silvery scales. This condition commonly affects the trunk, limbs, and scalp, and is more frequently seen in younger individuals, including children and young adults. This case study explores the homeopathic treatment of a 63-year-old male patient with guttate psoriasis, highlighting the gradual improvement in both the skin lesions and overall well-being over several months.

Erythema Multiforme is a rare, immune-mediated skin disorder that presents with painful, itchy eruptions, often triggered by infections or medications. A 19-year-old male with severe eruptions on his face, shoulders, and back found no relief from conventional treatments. However, homeopathic intervention led to significant improvement within three months, showcasing the potential of homeopathy to provide individualized, effective care. This paper explores the homeopathic approach in treating Erythema Multiforme.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by inflammation and damage to various body systems, including the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, and lungs. Homeopathy provides relief by stimulating body's natural healing processes. This paper presents the case of a professional singer from Texas who, despite conventional treatments continued to suffer from severe illness but after she opted for homeopathy, her improvement was significant as well as discontinuation of steroid use within two months was achieved. This case highlights the potential benefits of homeopathy in managing SLE.

The assessment phase is the first phase (out of five) of the nursing process which provides all the information needed to initially plan for patient care. It is often performed by nurses when patients are admitted to a health facility, within a maximum of 8hours for stable patients and 24hours for unstable patients at the point of admission. Sometimes, the activities of this phase are well performed. In other times, the performance might not be satisfactory. Opinion seems to suggest that a knowledge gap is responsible for these inconsistencies. The objectives of this study were to identify the activities of the assessment phase, assess the definitions of the assessment phase, identify parameters used in the assessment phase of the nursing process. The study population were nurses at the Regional Hospital Bamenda. Sampling was done using the convenience sampling method. The sample size was 80 nurses. Instrument for data collection was a questionnaire which was self-administered. Ethical clearance was sought as well as informed consent from the participants. Data collected was sorted for completeness, tallied and was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.The results were considered statistically significant when p value was less than 0.05. The results reveal that majority (87.5%) of the nurses were female, 50% were in the age group 20-30years, 55% had a diploma and 58.8% had a working experience of 1-5years. Ninety percent of the nurses knew that assessment was the first step of the nursing process and 50% gave a definite definition of the assessment phase. In all, 68.8% of the participants agreed that all the listed activities were part of the assessment phase of the nursing process. A significant representation of the population, 37.5% of the nurses surprisingly left assessment as a medical doctor’s role, while 52.5% held that it provides the needed data to care for the patient. There was a statistically significant association of p=0.009 between those responsible for assessment and those who neglect it. The results can be used in the sensitization of nurses on the assessment phase of the nursing process through seminars and workshops, as well as reinforce it in training institutions.

Methylene blue (MB) is a synthetic dye widely used in textile industries. This work describes the application of solar radiation to direct photolysis degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution. Experiments were conducted at room temperature to study the effects of exposure time, solution volume and MB concentration on dye degradation rates. The results show that the maximum amount of methylene blue removed is 6.8 mg/L, obtained at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L, volume of 50 mL and exposure to solar radiation for 5 hours. These results also point to an increased efficacy of direct photolysis of methylene blue as the dye concentration increases. Kinetic model analysis indicates that the absorption of methylene blue follows a first-order kinetics, with a constant velocity k = 1,3 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹. Direct photolysis by solar radiation is an effective method for degrading or even eliminating methylene blue in water.

A brief overview of the orthopaedic surgery division of the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits). A review of the literature from 1962 to 2023: this is one of the departments that has contributed greatly to the country, the orthopaedic community, and the world. For the past sixty-one years, the Wits Orthopaedic Surgery department has been led by seven chairs of the department. Under their guidance, the university has produced over hundreds of orthopaedic graduates, including undergraduate and postgraduate students and leaders. Orthopaedic eponyms are regarded as prestigious honours bestowed upon those who have made noteworthy achievements. Eponyms are gradually being replaced by orthopaedic vernacular around the world. Nonetheless, the department still prides itself on Mirels classification, Lautenbach technique, and numerous other eponyms.

Currently, computers and the internet are two “things” that cannot be separated. Computers have become “information management centers”. Information is received, stored, retrieved, processed and then exchanged (shared) everywhere. The question of where the information is obtained and then shared means nothing if there is no such thing as the ‘internet’. Does the computer have to be in the form of a ‘Personal Computer, PC?”, ‘Note Book’ or ‘Laptop’. No. The android phone that we hold (we call it a “cell phone”) is also a computer. Cell phones also utilize the internet. So, internet services, with the help of computers, are what allow everyone to communicate centrally. We call all these centralized facilities ‘Computer Mediated Communication’ (CMC).