Physical Sciences and Engineering

Mushrooms are high in nutrients, including proteins, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive components like phenolic compounds, terpenes, steroids and polysaccharides. The demand for cultivating mushrooms is growing day by day, as people become more aware of its palatability and high nutritional worth. But diseases cause heavy losses in commercial mushroom farms worldwide. The output and productivity of commercial mushroom farming can be severely harmed by disease outbreaks.

In Benin, although the legal framework grants the Ombudsman of the Republic a central mandate in the prevention and resolution of disputes, the institution’s intervention in agro-pastoral conflicts remains structurally limited and only weakly effective in practice. This study examines the institutional, legal, and social factors that concretely restrict the institution’s room for maneuver in negotiating and monitoring mediation agreements between farmers and transhumant herders in the Zou Department.

Dans le but de mettre en évidence la qualité des eaux et le risque des dégradations des sols agricoles dans le département de Loug-Chari, une étude a été réalisée. Une campagne de terrain a été menée pendant la période des basses eaux (mars 2023). Au cours de cette campagne, les paramètres physiques tels que le pH, la conductivité électrique, la température et le TDS ont été mesurés dans 24 ouvrages dont 2 puits ouverts, un échantillon d’eau de surface et 22 forages à motricité humaine. Un total de 25 échantillons d’eaux a été prélevé y compris l’eau de surface (le Chari).

This study presents an adaptive, optimization-based framework for the aerodynamic design and performance enhancement of wind turbine blade airfoil profiles operating under variable wind speed conditions. The proposed approach simultaneously optimizes key geometric parameters airfoil shape, chord distribution, and twist angle to maximize the power coefficient and improve overall energy capture efficiency. Eight NACA 4-digit airfoils are adopted as baseline configurations and systematically optimized using a parametric search strategy.

This Crown pillars are essential structural elements for the stability and safety of underground mines, particularly when they separate underground excavations from the surface or an adjacent open pit. At the Fekola gold mine, the transition from open-pit to underground mining of a shallowplugingorebodyled to the formation of a crown pillar with an irregularshape and steep inclination, presenting a particular geomechanical challenge. This study aims to assess the stability of thisatypical crown pillar as part of the plannedmining sequence.

This study focuses on the physico-mechanical and geotechnical properties of natural gravels and granite collected from two localities in the Kouilou Department (Congo). The research was conducted on two deposits of natural gravels, located respectively in Malélé and Boubissi, as well as on a crushed granite deposit in Louvoulou.

Artificial intelligence has become a most discussed term with the advent of technology, especially in this digital era. It is the ability of a computer or any other computer-controlled device to perform tasks that needs the application of intelligence like a human. The application of AI is seen in almost every aspect of human life, and education is no exception. This study intended to know the awareness of students studying in music colleges on the application of AI in music education.

The study presents the design, simulation in SolidWorks and experimental validation of a mobile solar air cooler using clay as the base material. Faced with the challenges of climate change and limited access to conventional air conditioning in developing countries, this system offers an energy-autonomous and economically viable alternative.

Although Kenya ranks consistently among the top countries in Africa in research output, there is a stark disparity between national research production and its uptake in the marketplace.This paper explores the challenges of research commercialization in Kenya, identifying structural, financial, policy, cultural, and institutional barriers that hinder public and private universities and research institutes from translating innovations in scientific, technological, agricultural, and health fields into marketable products.

According to Hopkins’s theory, the universe was created through compression, where all materials, matter, and space were folded into a very tiny state. During this extreme compression, it blows off at the critical moment and explodes. This big bang movement then creates the universe [1]. Albert Einstein considers it as space-time since he views the universe as a whole, where time and space cannot be separated. Therefore, time needs space to grow, and space needs time to expand. This time-to-space relationship is the core concept of Einstein’s field theory of the universe [2].