VOLUME 16, ISSUE 01, JANUARY, 2025

Breast cancer ranks first among the types of cancer affecting women worldwide. However, early detection can lead to effective treatment. Developing a system to make the decision on the benign or malignant nature of the tumour will help radiologists to establish a precise diagnosis in order to manage patients presenting the pathologies. The objective of this study is to develop a method that makes it possible to recognize the malignant or benign nature of breast cancer in a mammographic image, using the neural network. The method we developed is based on the neural network. Indeed, we extracted the characteristics of the mammographic images having undergone pre-processing and the detection of regions of interest by the multiscale product. These characteristics are extracted, in one hand by the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and in the other hand the Gray Level Run Length matrix (GLRLM). The extracted characteristics constitute the data at the input of a neural network (the pattern net). The mammographic images from the MIAS database were used as a learning basis and recognition basis. This development allowed us to classify objects in a region of interest as malignant or benign. The results of the proposed method showed sensitivity, specificity and an area under the curve all equal to 1 for images labelled malignant and therefore cancerous. For images labelled benign, the sensitivity is equal to 0.8, the specificity is equal to 1, and the area under the curve is equal to 0.88. Thus, the results highlighted the effectiveness of the method we proposed. Compared to the results of the literature (recent state of the art), we can say that the method we proposed is the most efficient in terms of evaluation criteria. The most contributions of this work are the successful using of the characteristics of mammographic images (characteristics issues from the segmentation and multiscale product of 2-Dimensional continuous wavelet coefficient) extracted by GLCM and GLRLM and used as the input of a neural network to recognize and classify as benign or malignant the mammographic images.

Asparagus racemosus, commonly known as Shatavari, is highly valued in Ayurveda, often referred to as the "Queen of Herbs" due to its rejuvenating properties. This study seeks to explore the morphological, phytochemical, and antibacterial characteristics of Asparagus racemosus, with a specific emphasis on how different soil types and climatic conditions in Agra affect its immune-enhancing properties. Morphological observations indicated improvements in plant height, flower, fruit, and seed development when cultivated in vermicompost, with notable enhancement in the shape and size of roots in the vermicompost mixture. Phytochemical analysis of methanol extracts from the roots of Asparagus racemosus, grown under varied soil conditions, identified the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, and tannins. Antibacterial testing of these methanolic root extracts demonstrated effectiveness against pathogens such as E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. These findings validate the conventional use of Asparagus racemosus in treating bacterial infections, emphasizing the potential of plant-derived products as sources of antimicrobial agents.

Background: Regular physical activity improves fitness, physical and cognitive function, and overall well-being, especially in older adults. Digital health applications, particularly those integrated with voice-activated assistants like Amazon Alexa, present new opportunities for promoting healthier lifestyles by facilitating access to health information and on-demand exercises. This study evaluates the impact of using the EngAGE Amazon Alexa Skill on weight loss and physical activity among older adults. Objective: The study aimed to assess whether the EngAGE Amazon Alexa Skill could increase physical activity and promote weight loss in older adults by providing on-demand health programs. Methods: This 4-month study involved 22 patients with obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes, with 12 participants downloading and using the EngAGE Amazon Alexa Skill. Data collected included participant demographics (age, gender, weight), engagement metrics (minutes spent in on-demand classes), and qualitative feedback. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS to evaluate differences in physical activity and weight loss between Skill users and non-Skill users. Results: Participants using the Amazon Alexa Skill recorded significantly more active minutes (85.92 minutes/day) than non-Skill users (50.86 minutes/day), representing a 68.9% increase in activity. Skill users also exhibited more significant average weight loss (-3.9 lbs) than non-Skill users (-2.3 lbs). Most Skill users provided positive feedback, with 75% reporting ease of use and 84.6% recommending the Skill to others. Findings: The study suggests that integrating voice-activated health apps like EngAGE can enhance physical activity and support weight loss in older adults. The findings indicate that voice assistants provide an accessible, engaging platform for promoting healthier lifestyles. However, future research should explore the broader application of such tools and assess the long-term effects on health outcomes.

The present communication deals with environmental awareness among the students of secondary schools. The four schools were selected for the study from Rae Bareli District, one central government, another one public school, third a convent school and last was a state government school. The schools selected having different infrastructures and with differences in the curriculum which severely affected their awareness about the environmental studies.

Uterine rupture is an obstetric mishap with associated morbidity and mortality consequences for the fetus and the mother. Promptness and accuracy of diagnosis of uterine rupture will help in instituting interventions to reduce these complications. Sometimes, the clinical presentations such as abdominal pain, abnormal fetal heart rate or intrauterine fetal death, bleeding per vaginam and loss of previously noted fetal station in a parturient may not be typical in uterine rupture. Previous uterine surgeries such as caesarean section, dilatation and curettage, myomecctomy or use of uterotonic agents for induction or augmentation of labour are the prominent risk factors. This case is unique because she has no such risk factors. However, there was sudden onset of generalized abdominal pain, readily palpable fetal parts, no fetal heart tone with ultrasound confirmation of intrauterine fetal death and the maternal hemodynamic status deteriorated rapidly raising the suspicion of a very rare occurrence of spontaneous uterine rupture with no obvious prior uterine scar. This atypical presentation delayed the diagnosis which might have accounted for the fetal loss, but emergency exploratory laparotomy saved the women with a maternal near-miss experience.

Le trià la source de déchets organiques municipaux est généralement présenté comme la solution pour l’amélioration de la qualité des composts produitsà partir de déchets solides municipaux en Afrique Sub-saharienne. Cependant, l’impact réel de cette pratique sur la qualité des composts produits est encore très peu investigué. Cette étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer la qualité chimique et microbiologique des composts produits à base de déchets organiques triés à la source dans la ville de Tiassalé. Pour ce faire, les paramètres physico-chimiques ont été suivis au cours du processus de compostage et des analyses chimiques et microbiologiques ont été réalisées sur des échantillons de composts.Les résultats ont montré que les fortes températures (jusqu’à 70°C) observées au cours du processus de compostage permettaient d’éliminer l’essentiel des germes pathogènes. Les pH des composts produits étaient alcalins (9,10) et leursrapports C/N étaient inférieursà 15, traduisant ainsi la maturité de ces composts. Les composts produits étaient riches en éléments nutritifs et leurs teneurs en métaux lourds largement inférieuresaux seuils autorisés par les normes française et allemande. Ces composts peuvent donc être utilisés en agriculture. Ces résultats confirment donc l’efficacité de la pratique du tri à la source dans l’amélioration de la qualité des composts produits à base de déchets organiques municipaux.

Myrianthus arboreus is an indigenous African species of socio-economic importance, widely distributed in the South Sudanese part of Côte d’Ivoire. A good knowledge of its phenology could contribute to its conservation and sustainable management in the context of climate change. The objective of this study was to analyze some phenophases of Myrianthus arboreus from the localities of Abengourou, Adzopé, Daloa, Diabo and Zouan Hounien in order to consider its possible domestication. For better knowledge of flowering and fruiting leading to fruit maturation, 150 individuals aged at least 5 years were observed during 2018 and 2019. The results revealed that individuals from Diabo and Abengourou flowers from January to February. Those of Daloa, Adzopé and Zouan Hounien flower from January to March. The flowering percentage of male individuals ranges from 53 to 90 %, and that of females is 100 %. The maturation of the male inflorescence of individuals from Abengourou and Diabo lasts 15 ± 2 days while in Adzopé, Daloa and Zouan Hounien lasts 19 ± 2 days. Fruit setting lasts 85 ± 4 days in individuals from Adzopé, Daloa and Zouan Hounien while it lasts 54 ± 4 days in those from Abengourou and Diabo. In individuals from Adzopé and Zouan Hounien, fruiting lasts 170 ± 9 days while it varies between 112 and 142 ± 9 days in those from Abengourou, Daloa and Diabo. Fruit ripening lasts 86 ± 5 days in individuals from Abengourou, Adzopé and Zouan Hounien, on the other hand, it lasts 57 ± 4 days in those from Daloa and Diabo. These data provide an overview of the period, duration of flowering and fruiting of Myrianthus arboreus, for any hybridization tests.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is one of the major seed spice crop. It suffers from various diseases. Among these diseases, stem rot disease is becoming a considerable threat to the fennel. The present investigation aimed to evaluate eco-friendly approaches viz., Bio agent, plant extracts, and oil cakes to control Sclerotinia rot of fennel under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Maximum disease reduction was observed in the seed treatment + soil application of T. harzianum. All the tested plant extracts inhibit the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum under in vitro conditions. Garlic (Allium sativum) clove extract gave maximum inhibition (40.40%, 62.60%, and 76.30%) of mycelial growth at 5, 10, and 15 per cent concentration. Seed treatment (ST) and foliar spray (FS) of plant extracts were most effective in managing disease, followed by seed treatment and foliar spray alone. Among plant extracts, garlic (Allium sativum) clove extract was found best in reducing the disease incidence (38.50%) followed by datura (Datura stramonium). Extracts of six oil cakes were screened in vitro for fungitoxicity against S. sclerotiorum, castor, and neem cake were effective in inhibiting mycelial growth. While castor cake was most effective under in vivo conditions for reducing disease incidence, followed by neem cake.

Credit is inferred to as an important catalytic in enhancing agricultural production but its access is determined and impeded by many factors. This study consequently examined the determinants of agricultural credit accessibility and challenges faced by farmers in accessing credit in South Western Nigeria. The population of this study comprised farmers in South Western Nigeria. Multi-stages sampling technique was adopted to select 225 farmers who benefitted from agricultural credits. Descriptive statistics was used to investigate the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers. Probit was used to analysed the determinants of credit accessibility. The results revealed that majority (91.1%) of the farmers were male with the average age of 49years. Largest percentage (85.5%) of respondents had formal education. Majority of farmers inherited their land with the average farm size of 5.9 hectares. Micro loan was most (64.4%) mostly available loan. The major problems faced by farmers in accessing credit are; frequent rejection of application, high difficulty in getting guarantor, delay in loan disbursement, high interest rate, high collateral required and administrative bottle-neck. The result of Probit regression indicated that, the marginal effects of years of schooling, main occupation, contact with extension agents, farm size and organization membership showed significant and had positive effects on access to credit. Years of farming experience was significant at 1% level with negative effect on credit accessibility. It was recommended that farmers should endeavour to join one or more farmers’ societies/organizations. Managements of Banks/credit bodies should make loan process simple and collateral required should be reduced.

Cette étude a étéréalisée dans le but de diagnostiquer l'activité piscicole dans la zone de Niamey. Elle émane des résultats obtenus à l’issue de 3 mois (juillet à septembre, 2023) d’études auprès des pisciculteurs.L'objectif principalde cette étude était de recueillir des données exhaustives sur les aménagements piscicoles de la zone périurbaine de la ville Niamey. En effet, l’enquête a effectué une étude approfondie sur les équipements dédiés à l'élevage de poissons, en vue de dresser un bilan complet de cette activité et de connaitre les contraintes auxquelles font face les producteurs dans la localité. 91% des pisciculteurs sont deshommes, de tranche d’âge majoritairement comprise entre 61 et 70 ans (50%). Plusieurs défis ont été révélés sur la rentabilité de la production qui varie selon les pisciculteurs : ceux bénéficiant de soutiens, de ressources adéquates et d'expérience tirent profit de leur activité, tandis que d'autres rencontrent des difficultés, notamment en raison du manque de soutien des opérateurs économiques et de l’incapacité à trouver des consommateurs en nombre satisfaisant, ainsi que de leur manque d’expérience et du déficit d'organisations non gouvernementales pour les appuyer.

Mysids or opossum shrimps are grouped under macro-zooplankton which are used for human consumption. Mysids are harvested using hand trawl made of mosquito netting during low tide period at surface water. The study was carried out on monthly basis from one site from Coastal area, three sites from Mangrove estuarine area and three sites from Saltpan twice a month during May 2016 to December 2017.They show significant variation in their availability in different seasons. All the embryos within a single brood pouch were found at the same stage of development. The development of embryos within the brood pouch divided into three distinct stages as “eggs like embryos”, “eyeless embryos” and “eyed embryos”. Mysids from Coastal waters found more fecund than mysids from other Estuarine waters and Salt pan waters. Brood ratio of “Egg like embryos”, “Eyeless embryos” and “Eyed embryos” also indicates that coastal waters are more productive followed by estuarine waters and salt pan waters.

Hair Palmo-plantar hyperkeratosis is characterized by abnormal thickening and roughness of the skin on the palms and soles, often resulting from increased keratin production. This condition can be triggered by various factors, including vitamin A deficiency and chronic exposure to toxins such as arsenic. A 63-year-old male patient with a history of diabetes, hypertension, and schizophrenia developed eczema on his palms and soles, which progressively worsened post-vaccination. The homeopathic approach offers a holistic treatment method that addresses both the physical symptoms and underlying causes. This paper explores the effectiveness of homeopathy in managing hyperkeratosis, particularly in cases with complicating factors such as chronic illness and post-vaccination reactions.

In the present study, both the GaN buffer layer approach and the sapphire SiN treatment method were used to develop GaN films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on a c-plane (0001) sapphire substrate. The growth was controlled in situ by 632.8 nm laser reflectometry. The GaN-grown layer structure wasinvestigated via high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD). TheGaN structural properties improved upon SiN treatment. In addition, spectroscopic transmittance was used to determine the change in the bandgap energy of GaN upon SiN treatment.Spectroscopic ellipsometric (SE) data (ψ and ) acquired in the wavelength range 400-1700 nm, were analyzed using a multilayer approach. The extracted refractive indices were found to follow a Cauchy-type dispersion. Upon SiN treatment, there is a blueshift and a decrease in the refractive index. At 600 nm, the GaN refractive index decreases from 2.395 to 2.374. The SE refractive indices measurements agree with the spectroscopic reflectometry (SR) results.

Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune disease characterized by sudden hair loss in round patches, this case study discusses the successful homeopathic treatment of a patient suffering from alopecia areata for two years. The paper outlines the patient's gradual improvement observed over several months. It highlights the effectiveness of homeopathy in managing this condition, emphasizing the importance of constitutional treatment tailored to the individual’s mental and physical symptoms.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by inflammation and damage to various body systems, including the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, and lungs. Homeopathy provides relief by stimulating body's natural healing processes. This paper presents the case of a professional singer from Texas who, despite conventional treatments continued to suffer from severe illness but after she opted for homeopathy, her improvement was significant as well as discontinuation of steroid use within two months was achieved. This case highlights the potential benefits of homeopathy in managing SLE.

In the context of climate change and aridity of soils, the manufacture of enriched compost, from corn stalks and with very little animal manure, has often been proposed to obtain a kind of artificial manure. Composting is a fertilization technique that is well suited to the soil. The present study was initiated in order to contribute to a better knowledge of composting with the addition of substrates under the conditions of Burkina Faso. The study of the composting parameters of a mixture of different substrates forming the following four treatments: T1: 600kg of maize stalks + 150kg of manure (Control), T2: 600kg of maize stalks + 150kg of manure + 125kg of BP, T3: 600kg of maize stalks + 150kg of manure + 125kg of dolomite, T4: 600kg of maize stalks + 150kg of manure + 75kg of BP + 75kg of dolomite showed a significant temperature variation in all treatments, with spikes after each turnaround. The initial basic pH decreased for all treatments to approach neutrality at the end of the composting process, especially for the T4 treatment. It should also be noted that there was a decrease in nitrogen concentration, probably due to leaching because of the low initial C/N ratio. This study must continue to determine the maturity of the final product.

Erythema Multiforme is a rare, immune-mediated skin disorder that presents with painful, itchy eruptions, often triggered by infections or medications. A 19-year-old male with severe eruptions on his face, shoulders, and back found no relief from conventional treatments. However, homeopathic intervention led to significant improvement within three months, showcasing the potential of homeopathy to provide individualized, effective care. This paper explores the homeopathic approach in treating Erythema Multiforme.

Methylene blue (MB) is a synthetic dye widely used in textile industries. This work describes the application of solar radiation to direct photolysis degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution. Experiments were conducted at room temperature to study the effects of exposure time, solution volume and MB concentration on dye degradation rates. The results show that the maximum amount of methylene blue removed is 6.8 mg/L, obtained at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L, volume of 50 mL and exposure to solar radiation for 5 hours. These results also point to an increased efficacy of direct photolysis of methylene blue as the dye concentration increases. Kinetic model analysis indicates that the absorption of methylene blue follows a first-order kinetics, with a constant velocity k = 1,3 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹. Direct photolysis by solar radiation is an effective method for degrading or even eliminating methylene blue in water.

Lichen Planus Pigmentosus (LPP) is a skin condition which is chronic in nature commonly known as hype pigmentation. LPP causes dark patches on sun-exposed areas. This paper explores a case study where efficacy of homeopathy is witnessed in a depressed and hopeless female, almost confined to her home because of her facial condition. After starting homeopathic treatment, she saw incredible results, regained her confidence, and began socializing again. This study highlights how homeopathy can effectively manage LPP and improve patients' lives.

The study aimed to investigate the impact of inclusive teaching activities on students' mathematical competencies in public secondary schools in Muhanga District, Rwanda. The study aimed to assess the types of inclusive teaching used by teachers, evaluate their effects on mathematical skills, and identify their influence on student competencies. A sample of 188 respondents, including 20 teachers and 161 students from four schools, was selected using purposeful and random sampling techniques. Employing a descriptive research design, both quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized, with data analyzed via SPSS version 21. Findings revealed that a majority of respondents endorsed various inclusive practices: 80.6% supported empathetic practical activities, 84.2% favored technological inclusivity, and 83.9% agreed on the use of learner-centered approaches. The study concluded that these activities significantly enhance problem-solving, critical thinking, and motivation among students. Specifically, there was a positive association between empathetic practical activities and improved problem-solving, while learner-centered strategies correlated with enhanced logical reasoning and creativity. The study recommends that the government ensure schools have the necessary resources for implementing inclusive teaching and that MINEDUC evaluate these strategies. Future research should explore the effects of inclusive teaching on student motivation and engagement.

L’agro-écologie (AE) est au cœur des débats de nos jours, pour donner une orientation aux systèmes agricoles qui doivent être performants et durables.L’objectif de cette étude était d’analyser la perception des producteurs des pratiques AE importantes en fonction de laproduction agricole, et celles contraignantes dans leur mise en œuvre. Des enquêtes ont été réalisées auprès d’un réseau de 504 producteurs au Niger, au Burkina Faso et en Côte d’Ivoire. Les données collectées ont concerné les caractéristiques socio-démographiques des exploitations agricoles (EA), les pratiques AE.Les résultats montrent que l’association arbustes-cultures, l’amendement organique, l’insertion des légumineuses et les dispositifs anti-érosifs sont perçus par les producteurs comme étant les pratiques AE les plus importantes dans la production agricole. Globalement, les pratiques AE qui présentent plus de contraintes de mise en œuvre sont l’agroforesterie (association arbres/arbustes-cultures), l’association céréales-légumineuses, et les dispositifs anti-érosifs. De façon spécifique, le paillage et l’amendement organique apparaissent également comme des pratiques AE les plus contraignantes à mettre en œuvre, respectivementau Burkina Faso au Niger. Ces résultats suggèrent de mieux structurer les chaines de valeurs autour des légumineuses, de la fumure organique et de l’agroforesterie pour en faire des leviers d’actions pour une transition AE réussie en Afrique subsaharienne. Il faut également que tout cela soit soutenu par des politiques agricoles mieux articulées autour des évolutions futures des agricultures qui prennent en compte la dynamique démographique des pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne et la dimension environnementale.

With Heat stress causes detrimental effects on duck production which generate negative economic impacts. Thus, raising Pekin duck as heat stress tolerant breeds and are well-adapted to Philippine climate and feeding azolla that is well-known for its high crude protein, lysine and glutamine that can combat heat stress due to immune-modulatory effect is indeed significant alternative strategy. The study aimed to determine the stress level, behavior and economics of pekin duck fed with different levels of fresh azolla raised under induced heat stress. Significant differences among dietary treatments were analyzed using Scheffe’s Test. Findings showed that pekin ducks fed with azolla have significantly heavier final weights and lower blood and urine cortisol level. Moreover, feeding azolla did not trigger any aggressive behavior and molting and significantly reduced the feather pecking behavior. Pekin ducks fed with azolla raised under induced heat stress significantly improved the eating percentage. In general, pekin ducks provided with 50%-75% azolla have significantly higher incurred net income and ROI. Generally, provision of azolla up to 75% in dietary ration is recommended for farmer’s adaptation to improved eating habit while lowering blood and urine cortisol and reducing aggression of ducks and increase profit even under induced heat stress.

With the ultimate goal of sustaining eco-friendly goat farming, identifying high quality feeds and preservation techniques to improved utilization efficiency which reduces GHGs, is vital to improve the overall goat productivity and elevate raisers profit. The study aims to determine the feeding efficiency of varieties of napiergrass fermented with various substrates on the growth, in-vivo digestibility and economics in raising upgraded goats. Study was laid-out following RCB design, where goats are treated with varieties of napiergrass fermented with different substrates and data were analyzed using Tukey-Kramer Test. Florida cultivar has the highest DM, protein content, and lactic acid content with 30.10%, 5.91g/100g and 32.80%, respectively. Silage fermented with wheat bran have the highest DM of 31.3%-45%, 5.18%-7.03% CP, and 33.0-39.0% lactic acid. Florida significantly improved weight gain (WTG), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), digestibility of forage, grasses, and silage, net income and ROI. Wheat bran in silage significantly improved final weight (FWT), WTG, ADG, FCR, digestibility of forage, grasses, silage, legumes, net income and ROI. Generally, raising goats fed with Florida silage fermented with wheat bran improved the forage, grasses, silage, and legume digestibility, which consequently improved the growth and eventually increases profit in raising upgraded goats.

The shea tree is the one of the most important tree in the Sahel because of it economic, social and other ecosystem services for the local communities. This study aims to evaluate the level of natural regeneration of Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn (shea) and others important trees in the agroforestry parks using the Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) technique in the villages of Dongo, Katcheli and Torem, in South Central region of Burkina Faso. For this, FMNR was evaluated in five (5) farmers’ fields per village and fifteen (15) fields for the 3 villages. In each field, the assessment was done in Five (5) plots of 2,000 m2, for an exhaustive inventory of all tree species. The results show that the tree species with a regular distribution in the field are in population importance order Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn, Pilliostigma reticulatum, Diospyros mespiliformis, Gardenia erubescens, Adansonia digitata, and Azardirachta indica. The assessment also shows that The global trees regeneration rate is 48.62% in Katcheli, 46.51% in Torem and 33.06% in Dongo. These rates are below 50% and this is mainly due to land preparation for crop production in these agroforestry parks. The dominant tree naturally regenerated and managed by farmers is Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn (shea), representing 85.39% in Torem, 75% in Dongo and 69.14% in Katcheli. The Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) technique can be used to increase the regeneration if farmers are trained and closely followed.