Haemorrhoids, characterised by the prolapse or enlargement of the vascular cushions of the rectum and anus, affect a significant proportion of the population, resulting in symptoms such as bleeding, pain, and itching. The management of haemorrhoids varies according to the severity of the condition, with both surgical and minimally invasive options available. This review aims to provide an evidence-based analysis of conventional surgical techniques in hemorrhoid treatment, including open and closed hemorrhoidectomy, stapled hemorrhoidopexy, Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation (DG-HAL), and others. The efficacy of these methods is compared, and specific patient selection criteria are discussed to help identify the most suitable treatment for individual patients. The review synthesises findings from clinical studies, meta-analyses, and expert opinions to develop a comprehensive framework for optimising haemorrhoid treatment outcomes.
