Wheat is an important field and food crop worldwide and in Sudan it is grown in many areas using different types of cultural practices. A field experiment was conducted in Dongola Agricultural Research Farm, Northern State, for two successive seasons to investigate the effect of three leveling techniques; Laser (L), Scraper (S) and traditional (T); three type of ploughing; heavy disc harrow (H1), disc plough (H2) and no-ploughing (H3), and two sowing methods; seed drill machine (S1) and manual seed broadcasting (S2)on wheat production. The experiment was arranged in split-split plot design and the treatments were replicated three times in both seasons. The results showed significant differences at the 5% between machinery treatments effect on the parameters measured. The laser land leveling recorded the highest fuel consumption (16.3L/hr), and lower effective field capacity (0.25ha/hr), while the seed drill recorded the lowest fuel consumption (6.2 L/hr) and the highest effective field capacity(0.94 ha/hr)and wheel slippage (8.3%) were recorded by the heavy disc harrow. The soil moisture content (db %) was increased with time and depth. The highest mean soil moisture content at 75-100cm soil depth was obtained by the laser land leveling with heavy disc harrow treatment, while the lowest moisture was recorded by no-ploughing with traditional leveling in both seasons. The highest average grain yield (5.08 ton/ha), plant population (381 plants/m2), total biological yield (13.6 ton/ha), infiltration rate (31cm/hr) and harvest index (37%) were recorded by the laser land leveling and heavy disc harrow with machine seed drilling. The lowest grain yield was recorded by the combination of no-till, animal-drawn leveling and seed drilling and also scraper leveling with manual seeding recorded, 2.5 and 2.7 ton/ha for the two seasons, respectively. The study concluded that, a highly significant effect (P≤ 0.001) of laser leveling with disc harrow ploughing and seeding by seed drill machine on grain yield, compared to the other treatments used in the study, and although Laser leveling has increased the grain yield with high cost, yet it is not an expensive technique when the cost is distributed over the period of Laser leveling.
