Now days there are limitation of current technologies available for diagnosis due to high cost and short shelve half-life of some reagents such as enzymes and DNA primers, limit the application of most conventional pathogen detection techniques in developing nations. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) , require extensive sample preparation and have long turn around times, which delay prompt response and disease containment. Also decreased availability of newer antimicrobial agents and rise in multi drug resistance among microorganisms, prompt us to explore newer modalities of treatment. Due to unique electrical, magnetic, luminescent, and catalytic properties of nano materials faster, sensitive, economical, simple, and reliable diagnostic assays and newer antimicrobial treatment modalities can be developed. This paper presents the different aspects of use of nanotechnology in microbiological diagnosis and anti microbial treatment.
