This study presents an adaptive, optimization-based framework for the aerodynamic design and performance enhancement of wind turbine blade airfoil profiles operating under variable wind speed conditions. The proposed approach simultaneously optimizes key geometric parameters airfoil shape, chord distribution, and twist angle to maximize the power coefficient and improve overall energy capture efficiency. Eight NACA 4-digit airfoils are adopted as baseline configurations and systematically optimized using a parametric search strategy. Standard NACA analytical formulations are employed for airfoil coordinate generation, followed by adaptive modifications to camber, thickness, chord, and twist distributions to enhance aerodynamic responsiveness under fluctuating wind regimes. MATLAB is utilized as the primary simulation platform for geometric modeling, aerodynamic coefficient estimation, and performance evaluation. The results demonstrate that the optimized airfoil configurations exhibit refined geometric profiles, improved chord–twist adaptability, reduced drag penalties, and significantly higher lift-to-drag ratios compared to their baseline counterparts. Power coefficient improvements of up to 12.5% are achieved, alongside lift-to-drag ratio enhancements exceeding 30% for selected profiles. These findings confirm that adaptive geometric optimization substantially improves aerodynamic efficiency, stabilizes energy extraction, and enhances operational robustness of wind turbines subjected to variable wind conditions. The proposed framework provides a reliable and computationally efficient foundation for next-generation wind turbine blade aerodynamic design.
