The bad practices’ management of soil fertility is one of the main factors of the instability of agrarian ecosystems in cotton zones of Burkina Faso. The search for solutions to this effect requires a good knowledge of technical and socio-economic determinants of the producers that affect the productive capital management. Using data a survey among of 315 farms, matrix notation and econometric analysis show the changes in the agrarian environment and the determinants of soil fertility management in cotton zones in Burkina Faso. Among the biotic factors the producers unanimously incriminate the level of soil fertility (97%) and erosion as responsible for the problem of soil fertility with respective mean rate in of 81 and 74%. For technical-economic factors, farmers' perceptions give all stages the lack of agricultural equipments and agricultural inputs as responsible for soil fertility. Also a situation on institutional support and capacity strengthening of producers were mentioned by farmers as determinants of technology adoption of soil fertility management. The results of the econometric analysis show that the decision to adopt a technique GFS is related to the initial formation of producer and forms of institutional support. Variables as land tenure, producer status and the herd size affect positively the decision to adopt the techniques of GFS. In contrast, variables such as the distance between the concession and field producer age and area of operation negatively affect the probability of adoption of agricultural innovations. The results generated in this work could serve as tools of decision aid and also facilitate future interventions. They allow to emphasize the situation of interventions in cotton zones and the determinants to consider for future action for the introduction and dissemination of agricultural innovations.
